Alien Planet May Lurk Around Nearby Failed Stars

[Buster's Uncle]

Alien Planet May Lurk Around Nearby Failed Stars
SPACE.com
By Megan Gannon, News Editor  21 hours ago



This diagram illustrates the locations of the star systems that are closest to the sun



Astronomers have spotted signs of a possible exoplanet in a nearby system of twin failed stars. If confirmed, the alien world would be one of the closest to our sun ever found.

Scientists only discovered the pair of failed stars, known as brown dwarfs, last year. At just 6.6 light-years from Earth, the pair is the third closest system to our sun. It's actually so close that "television transmissions from 2006 are now arriving there," Kevin Luhman, of Penn State's Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, noted when their discovery was first announced in June.

The brown dwarf system, which has been dubbed Luhman 16AB and is officially classifed as WISE J104915.57-531906, is slightly more distant than Barnard's star, a red dwarf 6 light-years away that was first seen in 1916. Even closer to our sun is Alpha Centauri, whose two main stars form a binary pair about 4.4 light-years away. The alien planet Alpha Centauri Bb is known to orbit one of the stars in the Alpha Centauri system, and currently holds the title of closest exoplanet to our solar system.

The brown dwarfs were spotted in data from NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) spacecraft, which took about 1.8 million images of asteroids, stars and galaxies during its ambitious 13-month mission to scan the entire sky. Brown dwarfs are sometimes called failed stars because they are bigger than planets but don't enough mass to kick-off nuclear fusion at their core.

Henri Boffin of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) led a team of astronomers seeking to learn more about our newfound dim neighbors. The group used the very sensitive FORS2 instrument on ESO's Very Large Telescope at Paranal in Chile to take astrometric measurements of the objects during a two-month observation campaign from April to June 2013. (Astrometry involves tracking the precise motions of a star in the sky.)



WISE J104915.57-531906 is at the center of the larger image


"We have been able to measure the positions of these two objects with a precision of a few milli-arcseconds," Boffin said in a statement. "That is like a person in Paris being able to measure the position of someone in New York with a precision of 10 centimeters."

The group discovered that both brown dwarfs in the system have a mass 30 to 50 times the mass of Jupiter. (By comparison, our sun's mass is about 1,000 Jupiter masses.) Because their mass is so low, they take about 20 years to complete one orbit around each other, the astronomers said.

Boffin's team also discovered slight disturbances in the orbits of these objects during their two-month observation period. They believe the tug of a third object, perhaps a planet around one of the two brown dwarfs, could be behind these slight variations.

"Further observations are required to confirm the existence of a planet," Boffin aid in a statement. "But it may well turn out that the closest brown dwarf binary system to the sun turns out to be a triple system!"

So far, only eight exoplanets have been discovered around brown dwarfs, and they were found through microlensing and direct imaging, the astronomers say. The team added that the potential planet in Luhman 16AB could be the first alien discovered using astrometry if confirmed.

The research was detailed in a letter to the editor in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics. It is available online on the preprint site Arxiv.


http://news.yahoo.com/alien-planet-may-lurk-around-nearby-failed-stars-212723740.html

[Geo]

A bit weird no more exoplanets were discovered around brown dwarfs, those are way less massive so a 'tug' from a planet in orbit around them should show up better then those around main sequence stars.

[Buster's Uncle]

A good deal less mass to have any left over after formation of the primary, perhaps?

[Geo]

A good deal less mass to have any left over after formation of the primary, perhaps?

Well, if even super earths can be detected around main sequence stars...

[Buster's Uncle]

At the brown dwarf scale, we're probably talking much shorter orbital periods, and less radiation to detect wobbles/transits/etc. by...

[Geo]

At the brown dwarf scale, we're probably talking much shorter orbital periods, and less radiation to detect wobbles/transits/etc. by...

The less mass on the primary means longer orbital periods. And less electromagnetic interference from a primary means a clearer 'signature' for telescopes to pick up.

Today, we could feasibly pick up Jupiter from a star the mass of our sun, at 5 AU.
That's a 1000-to-1 ratio. Now, a brown dwarf supposedly can mass at most 80 Jupiters before it turns into a regular fusion-driven star. Surely you can see a 80-to-1 ratio should be easier?

[Buster's Uncle]

I'm not so sure; it's still less overall movement on a dimmer object.

[gwillybj]

I wonder what it would take to jump-start one of these stars?

[Geo]

I wonder what it would take to jump-start one of these stars?

A couple gazillion monoliths?